明清时代的鄱阳商业与商人

文章利用方志与墓志中的商业与商人史料,分析了明清时代鄱阳县本地商业状况与外来商帮构成,以及鄱阳商人的经营行业和商贸地域.透过商人的传记资料,可以看到士人为商人写传,大力肯定商人的志业,商人则高度认同士人所代表的儒学主流价值观;方志为商人立传,商人为桑梓与国家效力,体现的是士商之间、商人与国家和社会之间相得益彰、"美美与共"的良性互动.     

螺栓连接大变形梁非线性振动特性的实验研究

柔性机械臂、大型可展开天线等机械结构的动作精度受运动过程中大变形几何非线性和连接处接触非线性的影响十分显著。以含螺栓连接结构的大变形梁作为研究对象，针对动力学建模和振动特性开展了实验研究，通过数值计算验证了实验发现的非线性振动特性。搭建了含螺栓连接柔性大变形梁的实验台架，开展了敲击和正弦激振的实验测试。实验结果表明，螺栓连接的柔性梁较连续梁的（无螺栓连接）模态频率降低，阻尼增加，反映出随着激励能量增大，模态频率降低的非线性模态特征。改变螺栓连接位置会显著影响结构的模态频率，其变化规律可由求解线性矩阵特征值定性反映。     

圆形均匀带电薄板电场的数值积分和可视化

利用均匀带电圆环在直角坐标系中的电势和电场强度的2个分量的公式,推导了均匀带电圆形薄板的电势和电场强度的2个分量的积分公式.将积分公式无量纲化,采用数值积分法计算电势和场强的值,绘制曲面、二维等势线和电场线.     

烟支硬度检测结果影响因素分析

为探究烟支硬度检测结果的影响因素,对烟支物理指标检测方案进行优化,提升卷烟质量监督水平.本试验以3类卷烟泰山(东方)为试验材料,分别设计不同检测方案、挡烟板位置、预压时间、压缩时间、压缩速度、环境湿度、贮存时间来对烟支硬度进行测定.烟支检测全项时硬度明显高于单独检测出的硬度;随挡烟板位置的增加,烟支硬度检测值先下降再上升;预压时间、压缩速度对烟支硬度检测结果影响不显著;不同的测试环境湿度会引起烟支水分变化,进而导致烟支硬度检测值产生变化;1个月内硬度不会发生明显变化,但是随着贮存时间延长而增长.应适当优化烟支物理指标检测顺序或方案,设置挡烟板位置为距离接嘴端55 mm,降低测定环境湿度为60％±2％,减少烟支贮存时间或控制贮存环境湿度,及时维护测定设备,以提升质量监督水平.     

合成部队多阶段作战任务成功概率仿真评估

考虑战场环境和战时装备维修保障评估合成部队多阶段作战任务成功概率, 对于辅助合成部队作战任务规划和装备维修保障决策具有重要的现实意义。在分析合成部队装备和合成部队装备维修保障模式的基础上, 构建了战时合成部队多阶段任务剖面; 通过对合成部队作战过程的分析, 提出了战时合成部队各阶段任务成功要求; 充分考虑合成部队多作战单元任务的协同性、合成部队装备的多样性及其战时随机共因失效(random common cause failure, RCCF)、战场环境下敌方火力打击和阶段任务时间的随机性、换件修理时间的不确定性等复杂因素, 利用蒙特卡罗仿真(Monte Carlo simulation, MCS)原理给出了合成部队多阶段作战任务成功概率评估的详细仿真流程, 并通过算例进行仿真和结果分析。研究结果表明:本文模型可用于合成部队多阶段作战任务成功概率评估和战斗阶段持续时间优化, 并为战时合成部队备件携行方案优化奠定了模型基础。     

基于生成对抗网络的信号调制方式的开集识别

为解决信号调制方式的开集识别问题,基于生成对抗网络提出了一种适用于一维信号数据的重构判别网络模型,该模型由重构网络和判别网络组成,分别用来重构和判别输入信号。两个网络在相互对抗的训练过程中,对已知调制方式信号的数据分布形式充分学习,使得重构后的输出不仅能够呈现已知调制方式信号更多有用的信息,而且能够扰乱未知调制方式的信号,从而增强判别网络对输入信号调制方式的判别能力。仿真结果表明,该模型能够实现信号调制方式的开集识别,而且在信噪比大于0 dB时,对已知调制方式和未知调制方式信号的识别率均大于93%。     

Side-Channel Attacks in a Real Scenario

Existing Side-Channel Attacks(SCAs) have several limitations and, rather than to be real attack methods,can only be considered to be security evaluation methods. Their limitations are mainly related to the sampling conditions, such as the trigger signal embedded in the source code of the encryption device, and the acquisition device that serves as the encryption-device controller. Apart from it being very difficult for an attacker to add a trigger into the original design before making an attack or to control the encryption device, there is a big gap in the capacity of existing SCAs to pose real threats to cipher devices. In this paper, we propose a new method, the sliding window SCA(SW-SCA), which can be applied in scenarios in which the acquisition device is independent of the encryption device and for which the encryption source code requires no trigger signal or modification. First,we describe the main issues in existing SCAs, then we theoretically analyze the effectiveness and complexity of our proposed SW-SCA —a method that can incorporate a sliding-window mechanism into almost all of the existing non-profiled SCAs. The experimental results for both simulated and physical traces verify the effectiveness of the SW-SCA and the appropriateness of its theoretical complexity.     

双势阱Duffing-van der Pol振子微弱信号检测统计量构造

为解决双势阱Duffing-van der Pol振子同频微弱信号定量检测问题,分析发现了Poincare截面能明显区分系统不同状态的现象，构建了基于Poincare截面的检测统计量,并以此为基础设计了信号检测的有效实现方法。首先对Poincare截面进行数值计算得到系统关于策动力幅值的分岔点图,其次对不同状态下各幅值对应分布点做方差统计构建检测统计量。不同状态的检测统计量分布区间不同,按照统计值落入的区间即可判断信号有无。仿真实验给出了不同策动力角频率下检测统计量的临界值和检测区间,并通过与相平面检测结果的对比验证了该检测方法的可行性,为微弱信号定量检测提供了参考。     

双辊薄带连铸低碳微合金钢的铸态组织

采用双辊薄带连铸技术制备了低碳微合金钢薄带，利用OM，SEM和TEM对铸态凝固组织、室温组织、析出及位错进行观察和分析.结果表明:低碳微合金钢铸带的凝固组织中二次枝晶间距约为12~15μm，相对于传统厚板坯和薄板坯连铸，铸带组织得到了明显细化.铸带的原奥氏体晶粒尺寸比较粗大，约为250~410μm，其组织由魏氏铁素体、珠光体和不规则铁素体组成.铸带组织中存在纳米级TiC析出和短棒状的渗碳体.TiC析出没有被薄带连铸的凝固过程及二次冷却过程明显抑制.铸带组织由于铸轧力及二次冷却速率不均匀导致大量位错的产生.     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.